QUIZ	https://doi.org/10.5005/njem-11015-0007 National Journal of Emergency Medicine SEMI Volume 1 | Issue 1 | Year 2023

Quiz in Emergency Medicine

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• 1. What is the most common cause of syncope in the elderly?

  • a) Cardiac arrhythmia

  • b) Neurological disorder

  • c) Hypotension

  • d) Medication side effects

• 2. Which of the following is the most accurate test for the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis?

  • a) Serum amylase

  • b) Serum lipase

  • c) Abdominal ultrasound

  • d) Abdominal CT scan

• 3. What is the most common cause of acute renal failure in the hospitalized patient?

  • a) Hypovolemia

  • b) Nephrotoxic drugs

  • c) Obstruction of urinary tract

  • d) Infection

• 4. What is the most common cause of anterior shoulder dislocation?

  • a) Trauma

  • b) Seizure

  • c) Electric shock

  • d) Overuse

• 5. What is the most common location for a foreign body aspiration in children?

  • a) Left mainstem bronchus

  • b) Right mainstem bronchus

  • c) Trachea

  • d) Esophagus

• 6. What is the most common cause of primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison’s disease)?

  • a) Autoimmune destruction of the adrenal gland

  • b) Infection

  • c) Cancer

  • d) Pituitary dysfunction

• 7. Which of the following is the most common cause of respiratory failure in the newborn?

  • a) Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)

  • b) Meconium aspiration syndrome

  • c) Congenital heart disease

  • d) Sepsis

• 8. What is the most common cause of acute epiglottitis in adults?

  • a) Haemophilus influenzae

  • b) Streptococcus pneumoniae

  • c) Group A Streptococcus

  • d) Staphylococcus aureus

• 9. What is the most common cause of aortic aneurysm?

  • a) Atherosclerosis

  • b) Connective tissue disorders

  • c) Trauma

  • d) Infection

• 10. What is the most common cause of thunderclap headache in the Emergency Department?

  • a) Subarachnoid haemorrhage

  • b) Meningitis

  • c) Intracranial venous sinus thrombosis

  • d) Carbon monoxide poisoning

• 11. Which of the following is the most effective treatment for acute cocaine toxicity in the Emergency Department?

  • a) Benzodiazepines

  • b) Intravenous fluids

  • c) Sodium bicarbonate

  • d) Amphetamines

• 12. What is the most common cause of peripheral vertigo in the Emergency Department?

  • a) Vestibular neuritis

  • b) Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV)

  • c) Meniere’s disease

  • d) Stroke

• Which of the following is the most accurate method for assessing fluid responsiveness in critically ill patients?

  • a) Central venous pressure (CVP)

  • b) Pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) measurements

  • c) Passive leg raise (PLR) test

  • d) Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE)

• 13. What is the most common cause of acute pancreatitis in the Emergency Department?

  • a) Gallstones

  • b) Alcohol abuse

  • c) Medications

  • d) Viral infection

• 14. What is the most effective treatment for acute opioid overdose in the Emergency Department?

  • a) Naloxone

  • b) Intravenous fluids

  • c) Benzodiazepines

  • d) Methadone

• 15. What is the most common cause of posterior ankle pain in the Emergency Department?

  • a) Achilles tendon rupture

  • b) Plantar fasciitis

  • c) Posterior tibial tendonitis

  • d) Stress fracture

• 16. What is the most common cause of syncope in the Emergency Department?

  • a) Vasovagal syncope

  • b) Cardiac arrhythmia

  • c) Orthostatic hypotension

  • d) Seizure

• 17. What is the most common cause of superior vena cava syndrome?

  • a) Lung cancer

  • b) Lymphoma

  • c) Thymoma

  • d) Mediastinal fibrosis

• 18. Which of the following is the most common cause of spontaneous non-traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage?

  • a) Cerebral aneurysm

  • b) Arteriovenous malformation (AVM)

  • c) Cerebral venous thrombosis

  • d) Cerebral amyloid angiopathy

• 19. Which of the following is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in adults?

  • a) Streptococcus pneumoniae

  • b) Neisseria meningitidis

  • c) Haemophilus influenzae

  • d) Listeria monocytogenes

• 20. What is the most common cause of rhabdomyolysis?

  • a) Trauma

  • b) Drug-induced muscle injury

  • c) Viral infections

  • d) Alcohol abuse

• 21. Which of the following is the most common cause of acute liver failure in the United States?

  • a) Viral hepatitis

  • b) Acetaminophen toxicity

  • c) Alcoholic liver disease

  • d) Autoimmune hepatitis

• 22. Which of the following is the most common cause of pulmonary embolism?

  • a) Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

  • b) Atrial fibrillation

  • c) Aortic aneurysm

  • d) Mitral stenosis

• 23. What is the most common cause of spinal cord injury?

  • a) Motor vehicle accidents

  • b) Falls

  • c) Violence

  • d) Sports injuries

• 24. Which of the following is the most common cause of acute pericarditis?

  • a) Viral infection

  • b) Rheumatoid arthritis

  • c) Tuberculosis

  • d) Idiopathic

• 25. Which of the following is the most common cause of hypopituitarism?

  • a) Pituitary adenoma

  • b) Head trauma

  • c) Radiation therapy

  • d) Autoimmune disease

ANSWERS

• 1. c) Hypotension

  Explanation: In the elderly, hypotension is the most common cause of syncope. Cardiac arrhythmia is a close second.

• 2. b) Serum lipase

  Explanation: Serum lipase is more specific and more accurate than serum amylase for the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis.

• 3. b) Nephrotoxic drugs

  Explanation: Nephrotoxic drugs are the most common cause of acute renal failure in the hospitalized patient.

• 4. a) Trauma

  Explanation: Trauma is the most common cause of anterior shoulder dislocation, accounting for approximately 95% of cases.

• 5. b) Right mainstem bronchus

  Explanation: The right mainstem bronchus is the most common location for a foreign body aspiration in children, likely due to its more vertical orientation.

• 6. a) Autoimmune destruction of the adrenal gland

  Explanation: Autoimmune destruction of the adrenal gland is the most common cause of primary adrenal insufficiency.

• 7. a) Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)

  Explanation: Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is the most common cause of respiratory failure in the newborn.

• 8. a) Haemophilus influenzae

  Explanation: Haemophilus influenzae is the most common cause of acute epiglottitis in adults, although the incidence has decreased due to the introduction of the Hib vaccine.

• 9. a) Atherosclerosis

  Explanation: Atherosclerosis is the most common cause of aortic aneurysm, accounting for approximately 80% of cases.

• 10. a) Subarachnoid haemorrhage

  Explanation: While thunderclap headache can have many causes, subarachnoid haemorrhage is the most common and should always be considered a potential diagnosis in patients presenting with this symptom.

• 11. c) Sodium bicarbonate

  Explanation: Sodium bicarbonate can be an effective treatment for acute cocaine toxicity, as it can help to alkalize the urine and increase renal clearance of the drug.

• 12. b) Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV)

  Explanation: Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is the most common cause of peripheral vertigo in the emergency department, accounting for approximately 20–30% of cases.

• c) Passive leg raise (PLR) test

  Explanation: The PLR test has been shown to be the most accurate method for assessing fluid responsiveness in critically ill patients, as it allows for a rapid and non-invasive evaluation of cardiac preload and response to volume expansion.

• 13 a) Gallstones

  Explanation: Gallstones are the most common cause of acute pancreatitis in the Emergency Department, accounting for approximately 40–50% of cases.

• 14. a) Naloxone

  Explanation: Naloxone is the most effective treatment for acute opioid overdose in the Emergency Department, as it can rapidly reverse respiratory depression and other opioid-related symptoms.

• 15. a) Achilles tendon rupture

  Explanation: Achilles tendon rupture is the most common cause of posterior ankle pain in the Emergency Department, especially in patients over the age of 30.

• 16. a) Vasovagal syncope

  Explanation: Vasovagal syncope is the most common cause of syncope in the Emergency Department, accounting for approximately 50% of cases.

• 17. a) Lung cancer

  Explanation: Lung cancer is the most common cause of superior vena cava syndrome, accounting for approximately 70% of cases.

• 18. a) Cerebral aneurysm

  Explanation: Cerebral aneurysm is the most common cause of spontaneous non-traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage, accounting for approximately 80% of cases.

• 19. a) Streptococcus pneumoniae

  Explanation: Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in adults, accounting for approximately 50% of cases.

• 20. b) Drug-induced muscle injury

  Explanation: Drug-induced muscle injury is the most common cause of rhabdomyolysis, accounting for approximately 60% of cases.

• 21. b) Acetaminophen toxicity

  Explanation: Acetaminophen toxicity is the most common cause of acute liver failure in the United States, accounting for approximately 50% of cases.

• 22. a) Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

  Explanation: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is the most common cause of pulmonary embolism, with approximately 90% of cases resulting from DVT.

• 23. b) Falls

  Explanation: Falls are the most common cause of spinal cord injury, accounting for approximately 40% of cases.

• 24. a) Viral infection

  Explanation: Viral infection is the most common cause of acute pericarditis, accounting for approximately 90% of cases.

• 25. a) Pituitary adenoma

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